Brief Description about the
WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF BLUE ECONOMY

My dear readers and fellow travelers interested in the issues involving Blue Economy and its further development for the good of our society !

It is a great pleasure for me to introduce and recommend this first of its kind 8-Volume Encyclopedia on multi-faceted Blue Economy edited by two leaders in our world of science, education, and environment, namely Dr. Priyaranjan Trivedi and Dr. Markandey Rai.

The twentieth century saw the need and emergence of the green revolution, green technology, green economy, green economy indicators, green economy policies, and plans and programs all over the world. It was an all-out societal effort to help meet urgent societal needs of soil-based foods and nutrition.

Largely because of enormous population growth worldwide and resulting disproportionate resource needs, soil-based resources and economies began to fall short. And thus arose an urgent need for more and more resources and more and more innovative strategies, technologies, and economies.

The twenty first century is seeing imaginative water-based efforts in the making, akin to the twentieth century soil-based efforts. We are now witnessing the beginnings of the blue revolution, blue technology, blue economy, blue economy indicators, blue policies, plans, and programs not only to help feed the world, but also to help it survive and flourish climate change wise.

There has been a great need to have in one place previously scattered pieces of information about numerous facets of Blue Economy. These two personalities compiling this unique 8-Volume Encyclopedia have been able to bring together a large number of contributors and organize their contributions in a thematic format in this Encyclopedia.

I very much hope that the Blue Economy community worldwide will find this Encyclopedia of great value. Those curious about the Blue Economy will use it for education, enrichment, and motivation to do more. Our society needs it.

Everyone desires to possess magical predictive crystal balls ! It is my hope that this informative Encyclopedia will help trigger efforts to build plausible multi-indicator-systemic crystal cubes as concrete approximations to predictive crystal balls for speedy progress on issues and efforts pertaining to Blue Economy. Interestingly, some of us were involved at one time in constructing a multi-indicator crystal cube for ocean degradation in conjunction with an ocean dumping Act of US Congress. And some of us were also involved with UNEP Initiative for Human Environment Index and Green Economy Indicators. Now is the time for those interested to begin thinking about and contributing to the realization of the UN Sustainability Development Goals. This Encyclopedia will be a good help for essential exploratory steps to address the challenges of achieving UN SDG 14 on Life Under Water, and so also in a way to help achieve SDG 1 on Poverty and SDG 2 on Hunger.

My heartfelt congratulations to Dr. Priyaranjan Trivedi and to Dr. Markandey Rai and other contributors. My best wishes to all the astute readers, in the challenging endeavors ahead in the cause of the flourishing Blue Economy.


20 January 2022

Dr. Ganapati P. Patil

About Dr. Ganapati P. Patil

Dr. Ganapati P. Patil Ph.D., D.Sc., Hon. D.Litt., Hon. Sc.D. Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Mathematical and Environmental Statistics at Pennsylvania State University and Director Emeritus of the Pennsylvania State Center for Statistical Ecology and Environmental Statistics. Former Visiting Professor of Biostatistics at Harvard University School of Public Health. Fellow: AAAS, ASA, IMS, IBS, ISI, ISMS, INTECOL, NIE.

Founding Chair: International Statistical Ecology Program of International Statistical Institute, International Biometric Society, and International Association for Ecology with Founding Committee of Sir DR Cox, EC Pielou, and CR Rao FRS. Founding Editor-in-Chief: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, An International Journal, now in its 29th year, with Sir Robert May on its initial Editorial Board. Served on Editorial Boards of EcoHealth, Environmetrics, and International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Co-Founder: National Institute of Ecology India, Statistical Ecology Section of Ecological Society of America, Statistics and Environment Section of American Statistical Association, International Society for EcoHealth, International Digital Government Society, International Society for Disease Surveillance, and International Society for Risk Analysis.

Former Member: UNEP Panels for Human Environment Index and Green Economy Indicators, Beijing, Nairobi, New Delhi, Washington DC. Principal Investigator: Statistical issues and approaches for Georges Bank and Chesapeake Bay Fisheries, with NEFC Director RC Hennemuth. Founder: Poona Ferguson College Hostel Dnyana Sadhana for pursuit of knowledge and wisdom with Sundays get togethers at the hostel with senior most leaders. Among them were JP Narayan, YB Chavan, Raosaheb and Achyut Patwardhan. Founder: Indian Mythology Sunday Story Hour for precollege children and their parents in its 51st year at Pennsylvania State University campus town.

Inspired and Supported : Indian UGC award winning JalaSRI program at a Jalgaon District MJ College, Prime Minister award winning Jalgaon District river and stream network consolidation effort, Indian TV Doordarshan shows and Public performances of JalaSRI on Stage dance drama musicals by Smitalay in Mumbai, Maharashtra

 

Foreword

Dr. Pawan G. Patil
Senior Economist, World Bank
Advisory Board, Center for a Blue Economy
 

I was enthused to be invited to provide a Foreword in support of the ambitious and worthwhile Encyclopedia project initiated by Dr. Priyaranjan Trivedi and Dr. Markandey Rai.

I am pleased to provide the Foreword for its inclusion in the Encyclopedia. I hope you will appreciate its tone and tenor, which is resonating well among decision-makers who I interact with regularly across the globe, including at Davos.

It's been a very busy past few months with an ever-growing Blue Economy portfolio amidst the challenges of the global pandemic and all its implications. The good news is that the Encyclopedia will be released shortly, which will also coincide with our efforts to nurture the blue revolution in India. Lots of synergy here !

In the meantime, congratulations again on the Blue Economy Encyclopedia. It looks like it could serve as an invitational platform for future endeavors, particularly as the more nuanced elements of what is required to transition to a sustainable ocean economy or blue economy is better appreciated.

In the future, if you would like to add a more international flavor that could reach an even wider global audience - as the Encyclopedia further progresses, I would be happy to consider collaboration in this regard.


25 January 2022

Pawan G. Patil

About Dr. Pawan G. Patil

Dr. Pawan G. Patil, Ph.D. is a Development Banker, Harvard, Oxford, and London School of Economics trained economist, inventor, social entrepreneur, and serial collaborator. He is the Founder / Co-founder of Inventive Social Enterprises, a Not for Profit Organization, and initiatives devoted to improving millions of young lives for good and to improving the health of our planet's lungs, our ocean for people and planet.

Over 25 years at the World Bank Group, he has followed his twin passions, co-developing the institution's strategy and multi-billion-dollar portfolio on fisheries, sustainable oceans and the blue economy, and co-created scaled initiatives in support of young people. He is considered a global pioneer of the blue economy paradigm and has helped to nurture a global movement in support, often leading from behind. He was responsible for conceptualizing the Bank's first-ever analytic products and investments assisting governments and businesses transition toward a sustainable ocean economy or blue economy, which created a global ripple effect of advisory and investment. He also co-created inventive regional investment operation in support of plastic-free rivers and seas, the Bank's first global partnership and fund for youth investment and enterprise and serves as the cofounding Chairperson of youth2youth, the organization's largest and longest serving staff network with over 4,000 members. He was the recipient of the World Bank's Annual Corporate Leadership Award in 2017 and named "Mentor of the Year" for his consistent empathetic leadership and structured 360 degree mentorship.

Dr. Pawan G. Patil was the founding Chief Economist and Chief Economic Development Officer of Qatar-based Silatech where he co-created the world's first youth-serving banks, innovative financial products and services and a Qatari sovereign wealth fund for development, sitting on its founding Board. Earlier, he helped Nike Inc. executives conceptualize Nike Foundation and the girl effect, improving the odds for hundreds of millions of girls and served on its founding Advisory Board. He was announced as a WEF Young Global Leader in 2010 and as a cofounding curator of WEF's global shapers community. He served on WEF's Global Agenda Council for Oceans and currently serves on the Global Advisory Board of Middlebury's Center for a Blue Economy, the planet's first Think Tank on the Blue Economy.

His work has been featured in dozens of peer reviewed journals and newspapers, including The Economist, Financial Times, New York Times, Huffington Post and Nature. He is the recipient of dozens of innovation awards (including a Webby and Golden Quill) for pioneering approaches and inventions to improve millions of lives for good and others related to the poverty-environment nexus. He lives in the Washington DC area with his wife Lisa and their two children, Bodhi and Meijin - all ocean lovers

 

contents

The 8-Volume
World Encyclopaedia of Blue Economy
 

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1

Preface 3
8 Volume Encyclopaedia of Blue Economy 5
Chapter 1 What is Blue Economy ? 7
Chapter 2 Sectors of Blue Economy 13
Chapter 3 Aquaculture 23
Chapter 4 Seaweed Farming 47
Chapter 5 Fish Farming 64
Chapter 6 Shrimp Farming 85
Chapter 7 Freshwater Prawn Farming 88
Chapter 8 Oyster Farming 92
Chapter 9 Geoduck Aquaculture 102
Chapter 10 Mariculture 115
Chapter 11 Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture 124
Chapter 12 Copper Alloys in Aquaculture 133
Chapter 13 Aquaculture of Salmonids 143
Chapter 14 Pain in Fish 169
Chapter 15 Pain in Invertebrates' 194
Chapter 16 Algae 220
Chapter 17 Algaculture 244
Chapter 18 Microalgae in Hatcheries 255
Chapter 19 Algae Fuel 263
Chapter 20 Algal Bloom 300
Chapter 21 Meat Analogue 314

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2

Preface 3
8 Volume Encyclopaedia of Blue Economy 5
Chapter 1 Marine Biotechnology 7
Chapter 2 Bioprospecting 13
Chapter 3 Biomining 26
Chapter 4 Bioprospecting Controversy 34
Chapter 5 Convention on Biological Diversity 39
Chapter 6 History of Fishing 52
Chapter 7 History of Seafood 78
Chapter 8 Recreational Fishing 88
Chapter 9 Fishing Techniques 101
Chapter 10 Fishing Practices 122
Chapter 11 Fishing Tackle 141
Chapter 12 Fishing Vessel 154
Chapter 13 Fishing Industry 178
Chapter 14 Commercial Fishing 186
Chapter 15 Fish Processing 194
Chapter 16 Fish Products 213
Chapter 17 Fish as Nutritious Food 216
Chapter 18 Deep Sea Fish 230
Chapter 19 Big-Game Fishing 250
Chapter 20 Fishing in the Dark 255
Chapter 21 Seafood 268
Chapter 22 Fish Market 292
Chapter 23 Fisheries Management 299
Chapter 24 Fisheries Science 313
 
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3

Preface 3
8 Volume Encyclopaedia of Blue Economy 5
Chapter 1 Sustainable Fishery 7
Chapter 2 Desalination 26
Chapter 3 Soil Salinity Control 50
Chapter 4 Desalination by Country 65
Chapter 5 Sea Lane 82
Chapter 6 Sea Transport Systems 85
Chapter 7 History of Ship and Shipping 87
Chapter 8 Canal 119
Chapter 9 Ship Canal 147
Chapter 10 Watercraft 151
Chapter 11 Ocean Transport 155
Chapter 12 Maritime and Coastal Tourism 169
Chapter 13 Blue Economy and Maritime Power 180
Chapter 14 Maritime Power Constituents and Enablers 258
 
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4

Preface 3
8 Volume Encyclopaedia of Blue Economy 5
Chapter 1 Deep Sea Mining 7
Chapter 2 Offshore Drilling 17
Chapter 3 Oil Platform 23
Chapter 4 Offshore Wind Power 42
Chapter 5 Floating Wind Turbine 70
Chapter 6 Environmental Impact of Wind Power 91
Chapter 7 List of Offshore Wind Farms 117
Chapter 8 Tidal Power 133
Chapter 9 Wave Power 147
Chapter 10 Shipbuilding 163
Chapter 11 Carbon Sequestration 180
Chapter 12 Carbon Farming 205
Chapter 13 Iron Fertilization 215
Chapter 14 Ocean Fertilization 229
Chapter 15 Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage 243
Chapter 16 Biochar 256
Chapter 17 Ocean Storage of Carbon Dioxide 272
Chapter 18 Carbon Dioxide Removal 289
Chapter 19 Blue Carbon 299
Chapter 20 Coastal Management 313
 
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5

Preface 3
8 Volume Encyclopaedia of Blue Economy 5
Chapter 1 Marine Debris 7
Chapter 2 Beach Cleaning 30
Chapter 3 Coastal Pollution and Impacts 48
Chapter 4 Circular Economy 58
Chapter 5 Cruise Ship 81
Chapter 6 Blue Justice 111
Chapter 7 Marine Resources and its Sustainable Use 115
Chapter 8 Blue Economy Masterplan 166
Chapter 9 Blue Economy vs. Standards 179

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6

Preface 3
8 Volume Encyclopaedia of Blue Economy 5
Chapter 1 Blue Economy for India and Partner Countries 7
Chapter 2 India's Aquatic Ecosystem and Opportunities 13
Chapter 3 Blue Economy and its Enablers 19
Chapter 4 Relevance of Blue Economy for India 33
Chapter 5 Blue Economy and Maritime Power Conversions 62
Chapter 6 Blue Economy through Vibrant Fisheries and Aquaculture 84
Chapter 7 Blue Economy Plan, Policies, Models and Examples 104
Chapter 8 Importance and Priorities for Blue Economy Initiatives 127
Chapter 9 Blue Economy and Blue Growth 137
Chapter 10 Sustainable Blue Economy with Spe. Ref. to the Indian Ocean 148
Chapter 11 Poverty, Environment, Coast and the Blue Economy 168
Chapter 12 Development of Appropriate Skills for Blue Economic Growth 188
Chapter 13 India's Plans and Policies for Blue Economy 191
Chapter 14 Blue Economy Protection 195
Chapter 15 Blue Economy and Ocean Health 206
Chapter 16 Blue Economy for a Self-Reliant India 210
Chapter 17 Fisheries, Organized Crime and Ocean Economy 222
Chapter 18 Blue Economy and the Bay of Bengal 246
Chapter 19 Human Impact of Ocean Related Crime 255
Chapter 20 Role of Oceans in Industrial Development 265
Chapter 21 Blue Economy, Sustainable Tourism, Ocean Wealth and Health 269
Chapter 22 Blue Economy, Small Islands and Tourism 274
Chapter 23 Deep-Sea Mining and India's Blue Economy Policy 281
Chapter 24 Blue Economy and Tourism in India 283
Chapter 25 Blue Economy Practices: A Case Study of Seychelles 287
Chapter 26 Blue Economy and Clean Technologies 312
Chapter 27 Marine Renewable Energy 317
Chapter 28 Critical Path for Blue Economy 320
Chapter 29 Blue Economy, Ocean Health and COVID-19 326
Chapter 30 The Blue Economy and COVID-19 Pandemic 331
 
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7

Preface 3
8 Volume Encyclopaedia of Blue Economy 5
Chapter 1 Ocean and Maritime Security 7
Chapter 2 Blue Justice 18
Chapter 3 Blue Economy, Ocean Health and Governance 22
Chapter 4 Future Workplace and the Oceans 38
Chapter 5 Blue Economy Knowledge for Children: A Barbados Study 42
Chapter 6 Youth Empowerment for Blue Economy in Kenya 54
Chapter 7 Opportunities in Blue Economy and its Importance 67
Chapter 8 Blue Economy, Livelihood and Ecodevelopment in Africa 72
Chapter 9 Government Invites Suggestions on Blue Economy Policy 106
Chapter 10 Potentials of Marine Resources for Blue Economic Development 108
Chapter 11 Blue Economy Development Paradigm 115
Chapter 12 Women's Empowerment and Blue Economy 125
Chapter 13 Status and Vision of Blue Economy in India 191
Chapter 14 Blue Economy and Youth Development 221
Chapter 15 Heritage Management in Coastal and Fluvial Areas 247

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8

Preface 3
8 Volume Encyclopaedia of Blue Economy 5
Chapter 1 Blue Economy Assessments 7
Chapter 2 Global Trends Influencing Blue Economy 50
Chapter 3 Ocean Environment and Ocean Economy 78
Chapter 4 Science and Technology for Ocean Economy 106
Chapter 5 Industry Based Blue Economy and Maritime Regulations 134
Chapter 6 Blue Economy and its Contribution 153
Chapter 7 Challenges and Dimensions of Ocean Based Industries 168
Chapter 8 Blue Economy and Ocean Utilization by 2030 190
Chapter 9 Ocean Management: An Integrated Approach 205
Chapter 10 Blue Economy, Biodiversity and Climate 235
Chapter 11 Recommendations for Blue Economic Development 243